Texas has a plural executive system that limits the power of the governor. The Texas governor is the chief executive officer of the state. The lieutenant governor is the second-highest ranking official in the Texas executive branch. The executive branch is composed of the governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, comptroller of public accounts, land commissioner, agriculture commissioner, and railroad commissioners.

The Texas Legislature is the state’s lawmaking body. The Legislature is a bicameral body with 150 members in the House of Representatives and 31 members in the Senate. The Texas House of Representatives is composed of representatives who are elected from single-member districts. The Texas Senate is composed of senators who are elected from single-member districts or at large from across the state.

The Texas court system is composed of the Supreme Court and the Court of Criminal Appeals. The Texas Supreme Court is the court of last resort for appeals from lower courts in Texas. The court is composed of a chief justice and eight associate justices. The court hears cases on a broad range of topics, including criminal law, civil procedure, constitutional law, and administrative law.